Rutherford B Hayes (1877-1881) : because the 1876 presidential election was disputed, Rutherford B. In addition, American politics lacked an ideology sufficient to justify any major expansion of government responsibilities. Governments lacked agencies and the will to perform any significant role in American economic life. Key 16: Gilded Age Presidents Overview : in the late nineteenth century, the Republican and Democratic parties enjoyed a strength and stability unmatched since then. Blaine and gave their support to Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candidate
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Mugwumps: Term (1st used in the presidential election of 1884) referring to a group of Republicans who w/drew from the party in protest at the nomination of James G. Hayes) referring to a section of the Republican party Half-breeds supported civil service reform and opposed corruption in gov’t. The party system : Characterized by stability, loyalty, and high voter turnout Both the Democratic and the Republican parties were probusiness and were opposed to economic radicalism Both advocated a “sound currency” and the existing financial system Republicans tended to be more nativist and to advocate legislation favoring temperance and restricting immigration The federal gov’t and for the most part, state and local gov’ts, were expected to do very little Congress and the electorate: The popular vote was divided almost evenly between Republicans and Democrats In Congress, the Republican s dominated the Senate, while the Democrats generally controlled the House Voter turnout for presidential elections averaged over 78 percent of all eligible voters, while the turnout ranged from 60 to 80 percent in nonpresidential years Party loyalties were determined by region, as well as religious and ethnic differences Cultural inclinations and prejudices, rather than economic interest, determined party identification Such identification was of central importance The campaign : Political campaigns were important public events akin to spectator sports and mass popular entertainment today Political organizations provided social and cultural functions to promote party loyalty and voter turnout Parties were primarily concerned with winning elections and controlling patronage, rather than with issues Party bosses and machines took center stage in every campaign Stalwarts : Term first used by a group of Republicans who supported Grant for a third term against Garfield Stalwarts were active during the Hayes administration Leaders of this group included Roscoe Conkling (1867-1881), a NY Senator and leader of the Republican party in NY,and Simon Cameron Half-breeds : Term (used mainly after the election of President Rutherford B. Americans were politically active, because of broad regional, ethnic, or religious sentiments, with little regard for the issues. Key 15: The nature of American politics Overview : Popular enthusiasm for party politics had little connection with the government’s actions. The two parties appeared practically identical, and neither exerted leadership. Nevertheless, because social and economic conditions were changing faster than ideas about public policy, the American political system in the 1880s and 1890s remained locked in a rigid stalemate. Theme: Gilded Age Politics The growth of monopolies, the conflict between labor and management, the decline of the agrarian economy, and a financial system that produced a major collapse about every 20 years - all these had an impact of American political institutions.
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APUSH REVIEW Gilded Age Politics As found in Barron’s Study Keys EZ-101 American History 1877 to the Present Published 1992